April 24

Today in western civ we came in and we talked a little bit. Then we continued to go thought the powerpoint. We went over how Rome expanded further into Africa. They set up a civil service to run to the government empire. Such as building a network of a road, collecting taxes, establishing a postal service, administering public facilities, setting up a police station, running a fire fighting organization. Later Octavian died of natural causes. After Octavian death power was passed down to different empires some good but some bad. We leaned that Tiberius ruled from Ad 14-Ad 37. He was a good general but a revenant emperor. After the death of his son he exiled himself from Rome meaning he ran away and left his partner in charge. He died at age 77 in 37 Ad. The next leader was Caligula who ruled from 37 Ad- 54 Ad. He won power after Tiberius died. He was known for cruelty, being extra, and perversity so basically he was insane. He was assassinated by a group of praetorian guards, senators, and the immortal court. Then Claudius ruled from Ad 41- Ad 54. He suffered from many infirmities: he had a limp, stammering shaking slobbering, maybe cerebral palsy. He took over because he was the last adult male in the family. He ruled very well built roads, aqueducts, canal. He later died because of poising by his last wife, she had a plan to kill him cause she wanted he son to rise to power. The last emperor we learned about was Nero he ruled from 54-68. He emphasized in the arts. He wanted to rebuild Rome to be more majestic. He ugly over spent money and eve raided the temples for more money. Most people didn't really like him. Then class was over and we left for the day.


5000 soldiers, not in it for pay (not yet)
First Punic War
(264 - 241 BCE)

  • naval battles for control of the strategically located island of Sicily
Rome wins this one
Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE)
  • 29-year-old Carthaginian general Hannibal almost does the impossible: taking Rome
  • attacks Rome from the NORTH after crossing Iberia (Spain) and the Alps
lays siege to much of the peninsula for 15 years, but he never can get to Rome 
Rome 2, Carthage 0

Third and final punic war (149-146 BCE)

  • Rome wanted to finally remove the threat of Carthage
  • Scipio, Tiberius Gracchus, and others mercilessly attacked the city
  • Carthage was burned for 17 days; the city’s walls and buildings were utterly destroyed
  • when the war ended, the last 50,000 people in the city were sold into slavery
the rest of Carthage’s territories were annexed, and made into the Roman province of Africa

bread (free grain from the state) and entertainment (Circus Maximus, Colosseum), partly to keep them alive, and partly to keep them quiet, distracted, and docile

  • Julius Caesar         (100 - 44 BCE)
  • a highly successful general
he conquered the huge territory of Gaul

  • Julius Caesar’s grandnephew - and adopted son - Octavian takes over at the age of 18! with his own triumvirate
    • Mark Antony is an experienced general
Lepidus is a powerful politician

Tax romana:207 years
supreme military leader ruled 40 years
word patrician-pater-father




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